Ramadan is particularly punishing in Hodeidah on Yemens west coast, where the temperature is currently 36C. Many of the Houthi rebels who have held the city since 2015 are used to the cooler highlands and struggle in the heat.
Tensions are running high in the port city. Arab coalition forces that back Yemens exiled government are now less than 12 miles away from Hodeidahs edges; everyone inside knows the battle is imminent.
As Yemens key commercial centre, through which more than 70 per cent of the countrys imports, food and aid shipments flow, an offensive to retake Hodeidah has always been inevitable.
In the last few days, however, Yemeni, Saudi and UAE troops have covered such huge amounts of territory the imminent fighting has arrived much faster than most were expecting and fears for the countrys embattled civilians are growing.
What happens to Hodeida is going to have huge consequences for Yemens war, said Adam Baron, a visiting fellow with the European Council for Foreign Relations (ECFR).
The key question is: how is the battle going to be fought? The port is vital for Yemenis across the country. There could potentially be massive destruction of the citys facilities. People are worried about how long the port might be out of action and how long it could take to rebuild.
Hodeidah is Yemens lifeline. Even before the war, it handled about 70 per cent of imports in a country where a staggering 90 per cent of food had to be imported.
Seized by the Iran-backed Houthis early in the now three-year-old war, the city has been subject to a Saudi-led coalition blockade since 2015, which humanitarian organisations say is largely responsible for the fact that eight million Yemenis are now living on the brink of famine.
A total sealing off of the port in November 2017 retaliation for a Houthi ballistic missile that landed near the Saudi capital of Riyadh is estimated to have pushed an additional 3.2 million people into hunger, the World Food Programme says.
The new UN envoy to Yemen, Martin Griffiths, has warned that the new offensive to retake Hodeidah will result in mass displacement and in a single stroke, take peace off the table.
But the fracturing of rebel allegiances after the Houthis killed former president Ali Abdullah Saleh in December has seemingly galvanised the Arab coalition.
Salehs nephew, Brigadier-General Tareq Mohammed Saleh, has formed a new brigade that has so far fought ferociously against the Houthis who killed his uncle.
The Houthis are expected to withdraw to the mountains surrounding Hodeidah when the fighting in the city proper gets under way, but it is entirely possible they are intent on giving the coalition a bloody nose before that, Oxford Universitys Elisabeth Kendall said.
Further military pressure on the Houthis may have the reverse effect of making them less amenable to enter proposed peace negotiations, since they will be in a weaker position, she said.
Retaking Hodeidah could potentially open a pathway to finally retaking the Yemeni capital of Sanaa from the rebels but that doesnot mean Houthi capitulation, Dr Kendall added.
The Houthis heartlands in Yemens north have been pulverised after well over a decade of [guerrilla] war. They have every reason to defy military logic and keep fighting. Military gains may be of short term use.
The human cost of winning the city of 600,000 people back could be catastrophic, several aid organisations have warned.
Irin News reported earlier this month that UN operational plans to evacuate 5,000 civilians to safer areas ahead of the fighting flopped.
An additional 340,000 people could be displaced should Hodeidah come under attack, said Bhanu Bhatnagar, a Save the Children spokesperson.
The fighting is also likely to be protracted and the possible use of explosive weapons in densely populated urban areas will have a disproportionate impact on the civilian population.
The Arab coalition, which has been criticised over the unnecessary loss of civilian life in bombing campaigns in other Houthi areas, is well aware the international community is watching the Hodeidah offensive.
It is in the coalitions interests to make sure Hodeida isn’tdestroyed, said Mr Baron of the ECFR.
They used to be able to blame the Houthis in control of the city for aid flow problems. If theyre in charge, it will be on them.
The port must remain open at all costs, MrBhatnagar said.
The complete closure of [Hodeidah] port would lead to a devastating cut in the humanitarian and commercial supply chain just when its needed most. Food imports have already reached the lowest levels since the conflict started and the price of basic commodities has risen by a third, he said.
When the sound of bullets and bombs does die down, a different type of battle will begin.
There are growing tensions in the Arab coalition over the UAE and Saudi Arabias growing influence in parts of Yemen in which their troops are in control.
The Yemeni governments anger led to a diplomatic standoff over the Arabian Sea island of Socotra between the UAE and the exiled Aden government earlier this month.
Whether Tareeq Salehs forces are in control when the battle ends is also a headache for Yemens embattled president,Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi.
All parties will be keen to take credit for any successes, and avoid blame for any failures, in the fight for Hodeidah.
That battle will be as active as the fighting itself, said Mr Baron.
Yemeni Nobel peace prize laureate and activist, Tawakkol Karman, is worried about the battle to come.
Hodiedahs operation will leave behind an unprecedented human disaster, she said.
This will only add to Yemenis agony. Saudi Arabia and the UAE will ban the legitimate government from entering Hodiedah, like they did in Aden.
This will not bring peace. It will just replace one militia with another.”
